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Epidemiology
3.1 Situation
BVD has a world-wide distribution and is characterized by high prevalence and relatively low morbidity. In addition to cows, other artiodactyla (sheep, goats, wild ruminants, pigs) can be infected...
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3.2 Types of infection
From an epidemiological point of view BVD virus is extremely successful. It occupies a special place viral pathogens thanks to its world-wide distribution and high rate of infection. It’s success is due to a combination of two well-known strategies, the “hit-and-run” strategy and the “infect-and persist” strategy...
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3.3 Intrauterine Infection
If an antibody naïve cow is confronted with the virus during pregnancy its foetus may be infected in utero. This event has different consequences, depending on the time of infection...
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3.4 Malformations
Fetal infections in the middle of gestation (i.e. end of first trimester to beginning of last trimester) may generate malformations...
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3.5 Persistent infection
Persistently infected animals do not produce detectable antibodies against “their” virus, i.e. they are immunotolerant. In large part PI-animals are clinically inconspicuous and will only be detected using laboratory techniques...
   

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