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Bovine viral diarrhoea has for decades regularly been in the headlines as an economically significant disease of cattle. It is aviral disease (i.e. a disease caused by a virus) that appears in different forms. A majority of BVD infections are without symptoms, i.e. their occurrence is not noticed by the farmer, some animals, however suffer from severe diarrhoea, fever, nasal and ocular discharge as well as erosions at the muzzle. Naturally, milder forms of the disease can also occur. Mucosal disease, which is generally dreaded, is the most severe form and is always lethal. It occurs exclusively in so-called persistently infected animals, i.e. in animals that harbour and shed the virus throughout their lives.
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Pestiviruses have a positive sense single stranded RNA genome [ss (+) RNA]. The BVDV genome has a size of approximately 12'500 nucleotides, the sequence of which is known since 1988... |
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The replication of the BVD virus is similar to the replication of other positive-stranded RNA viruses: binding to surface-receptors, entry into the cytoplasm, release of the RNA, synthesis of RNA and proteins, assembly of viral parts and virus release. The replication cycle takes about 10 hours... |
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BVD has a world-wide distribution and is characterized by high prevalence and relatively low morbidity. In addition to cows, other artiodactyla (sheep, goats, wild ruminants, pigs) can be infected...
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From an epidemiological point of view BVD virus is extremely successful. It occupies a special place viral pathogens thanks to its world-wide distribution and high rate of infection. It’s success is due to a combination of two well-known strategies, the “hit-and-run” strategy and the “infect-and persist” strategy... |
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If an antibody naïve cow is confronted with the virus during pregnancy its foetus may be infected in utero. This event has different consequences, depending on the time of infection... |
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