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Bovine viral diarrhoea has for decades regularly been in the headlines as an economically significant disease of cattle. It is aviral disease (i.e. a disease caused by a virus) that appears in different forms. A majority of BVD infections are without symptoms, i.e. their occurrence is not noticed by the farmer, some animals, however suffer from severe diarrhoea, fever, nasal and ocular discharge as well as erosions at the muzzle. Naturally, milder forms of the disease can also occur. Mucosal disease, which is generally dreaded, is the most severe form and is always lethal. It occurs exclusively in so-called persistently infected animals, i.e. in animals that harbour and shed the virus throughout their lives.
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Fetal infections in the middle of gestation (i.e. end of first trimester to beginning of last trimester) may generate malformations...
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Persistently infected animals do not produce detectable antibodies against “their” virus, i.e. they are immunotolerant. In large part PI-animals are clinically inconspicuous and will only be detected using laboratory techniques...
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Persistently infected animals clearly take pride of place in the epidemiological processes. Throughout their lives they permanently shed virus in large quantities via secretions and excrements... |
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Nationwide BVD eradication, in principle, pursues diverse strategies. However, the PI animal always has pride of place due to its overwhelming significance in the spread of the disease. The choice of strategy depends, inter alia, on the population density and seroprevalence in the country concerned... |
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Sweden has pursued a systematic eradication strategy of Bovine Viral diarrhoea at a national level since 1993, with the declared goal of eradicating BVDV... |
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